Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Masa Dinasti Umayyah

Abstract

This research examines and explores the history of Islamic economic thought and practice during the Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 AD) as a crucial period in which Islamic economic principles began to be applied in large-scale government systems. The method used is a literature study (library research) with a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data from historical literature and Islamic economic thought. The results and discussion show that successful economic reforms were carried out by three main caliphs: Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan laid the foundation through the establishment of Diwan Al-Barid and Diwan Al-Kharaj; Abdul Malik ibn Marwan achieved monetary sovereignty by minting his own Islamic dinar and dirham currency, and Arabizing the bureaucracy; and Umar ibn Abdul Aziz reached the peak of prosperity by eliminating tax discrimination (jizyah and kharaj) against mawāli and implementing autonomy in managing zakat, even making it difficult to find zakat recipients. The implications of this research provide important insights into the challenges and successes of implementing Islamic values ​​​​of wealth equality in real policies, making it a valuable lesson for the development of modern Islamic economic thought.