Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Masa Dinasti Abbasiyah

Abstract

This study examines the history of Islamic economic thought and practices during the Abbasid Dynasty (750–1258 CE) and their contribution to the development of Islamic economic concepts. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a library research method by analyzing relevant primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal that the Abbasid period marked a significant phase in the advancement of Islamic economic thought, supported by the caliphs' patronage of scientific activities, the translation of foreign works, and the establishment of educational institutions such as the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad. During this era, prominent Muslim scholars, including Abu Yusuf, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Mawardi, made substantial contributions to the development of concepts related to distributive justice, taxation, trade, the role of the state in economic affairs, and business ethics. Islamic economic practices were also institutionalized through the implementation of hisbah, waqf, and zakat as mechanisms for market supervision, equitable wealth distribution, and poverty alleviation. The study concludes that Islamic economic thought during the Abbasid period emphasized a balance between moral, social, and economic dimensions in achieving public welfare (maslahah). Therefore, the Abbasid Dynasty not only represented the pinnacle of Islamic civilization but also established the intellectual foundations of an Islamic economic system whose principles continue to influence contemporary Islamic economic thought.